You’re ready for any market with tax-loss harvesting | Vanguard (2024)

Wash-sale considerations

As mentioned above, it’s important not to engage in wash sales when performing tax-loss harvesting. While a full discussion of the IRS wash-sale rule is beyond the scope of this article, here are some key considerations to keep in mind.

In general, the IRS wash-sale rule states that where a sale or other disposition of shares of securities results in a loss, that loss is disallowed if you’ve acquired (including through an issuer’s dividend reinvestment program) substantially identical securities within a 61-day period beginning 30 days before the date of the sale and ending 30 days after the sale. If you acquire substantially identical replacement shares, the loss would be deferred or, in some cases, disallowed entirely.

The IRS wash-sale rule applies not only to purchases of substantially identical securities within the same account, but also to purchases of substantially identical securities acquired in other accounts owned or controlled by you or your spouse or partner, including tax-deferred accounts such as IRAs and 401(k) plans.

Additionally, accounts owned by your spouse, partner, or other entities you own or control are also subject to the IRS wash-sale rule. At tax-reporting time, you’re obligated to accurately report on your tax return any capital gains and losses realized for the year, taking into account any wash sales that occurred in your overall investment portfolio that year.

Further, current tax laws aren’t always clear around what constitutes a substantially identical security for purposes of the wash-sale rules, particularly in the context of passively managed index funds or ETFs (exchange-traded funds). Since tax-loss harvesting can be complex, we recommend you consult a tax and/or legal advisor about your individual situation before engaging in this strategy. For more information about the risks associated with tax-loss harvesting, see below.**

Be sure to check out theIRS websitefor helpful information about tax-loss harvesting. The treatment of capital gains and losses, including the ability to offset gains with losses, is subject to current tax provisions. Please seeIRS Publication 550,Investment Income and Expenses, for additional information. Tax-loss harvesting may also affect your state or local taxes.

You’re ready for any market with tax-loss harvesting | Vanguard (2024)

FAQs

Do I need to worry about tax-loss harvesting? ›

Tax-loss harvesting is a good idea when it fits with your overall long-term investment strategy. That is, if you're rebalancing your portfolio in order to bring it back in line with your personal risk/reward profile, you may want to jettison a losing stock.

What is tax-loss harvesting in the stock market? ›

Tax-loss harvesting is a strategy used to minimise tax liability by selling investments that have declined or are declining in value. When an investment is sold at a loss, the investor can use that loss to offset capital gains realised from other investments.

How do you make money with tax-loss harvesting? ›

Tax-loss harvesting generally works like this:
  1. You sell an investment that's underperforming and losing money.
  2. Then, you use that loss to reduce your taxable capital gains and potentially offset up to $3,000 of your ordinary income.

What is the tax-loss harvest wash rule? ›

Q: How does the wash sale rule work? If you sell a security at a loss and buy the same or a substantially identical security within 30 calendar days before or after the sale, you won't be able to take a loss for that security on your current-year tax return.

Is tax-loss harvesting illegal? ›

Tax-loss harvesting is a legal strategy that even average investors can use to decrease their tax bill, if they are strategic with their investments. However, there are important considerations to keep in mind that impact how you manage your capital gains and losses.

Can I use more than $3000 capital loss carryover? ›

Capital losses that exceed capital gains in a year may be used to offset capital gains or as a deduction against ordinary income up to $3,000 in any one tax year. Net capital losses in excess of $3,000 can be carried forward indefinitely until the amount is exhausted.

Should I sell losing stocks at the end of the year? ›

An investor may also continue to hold if the stock pays a healthy dividend. Generally, though, if the stock breaks a technical marker or the company is not performing well, it is better to sell at a small loss than to let the position tie up your money and potentially fall even further.

Does TurboTax automatically do tax-loss harvesting? ›

The remaining capital loss is carried over to future years. You have no choice about how capital losses are used. TurboTax will automatically do the calculations according to the tax law, and there is only one way to do it. There are no options.

How much stock loss can you write off? ›

No capital gains? Your claimed capital losses will come off your taxable income, reducing your tax bill. Your maximum net capital loss in any tax year is $3,000. The IRS limits your net loss to $3,000 (for individuals and married filing jointly) or $1,500 (for married filing separately).

How much do you get back from tax-loss harvesting? ›

Tax-loss harvesting is the timely selling of securities at a loss to offset the amount of capital gains tax owed from selling profitable assets. An individual taxpayer can write off up to $3,000 in net losses annually.

Should I sell my stocks at a loss for tax purposes? ›

After all, even when the market has had a good run, lifting your holdings, you might still have some stocks that are below where you bought them. If you're looking to lock in some of those gains (aka tax-gain harvesting), selling some of your losers can help minimize your capital gains taxes.

Is a Roth IRA tax-loss harvesting? ›

Tax Loss Harvesting and IRAs

Tax-deferred retirement accounts such as 401(k)s and IRAs don't incur taxes on gains or dividends each year, which is necessary for tax loss harvesting. Instead, taxes are paid once distributions begin. A Roth IRA is in a similar situation and is not eligible for tax loss harvesting.

Is tax-loss harvesting even worth it? ›

There are immediate benefits of tax-loss harvesting, such as lowering your tax bill for the year. However, more important are the medium- to long-term payoffs that you can get if you invest the money you freed up in something better. If you do decide to sell, deploy the proceeds thoughtfully.

How do I cut my tax bill with tax-loss harvesting? ›

Tax-loss harvesting allows you to sell investments that are down, replace them with reasonably similar investments, and then offset realized investment gains with those losses. The end result is that less of your money goes to taxes and more may stay invested and working for you.

Can I sell a stock for a gain and buy it back? ›

It is always possible to sell a stock for profit purposes, as the Income Tax Department has you paying taxes on the profit you make. This is, as mentioned earlier, a capital gains tax. You can buy the same stock back at any time, and this has no bearing on the sale you have made for profit.

Is tax gain harvesting worth it? ›

The bottom line

By strategically harvesting gains in certain tax years, you can potentially reduce your tax liability and keep your portfolio in balance. Be sure to consult your financial advisor and tax professional to implement a strategy that works for your situation.

Is tax-loss harvesting just kicking the can down the road? ›

“While providing more precision around tax planning can be an effective way to demonstrate your value to clients,” says Geller, tax-loss harvesting may not be right for every investor. “You are effectively just deferring your gain.” Kicking that can down the road can be the best tax solution in some cases.

Should I sell stocks at a loss for tax purposes? ›

It's generally better to take any capital losses in the year for which you are tax-liable for short-term gains, or in a year in which you have zero capital gains because that results in savings on your total ordinary income tax rate.

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