According to the double entry system of bookkeeping, there are three types of accounts that help you to maintain an error-free record of your journal entries. Each account type has a rule to identify its debit and credit aspect called as the Golden Rule of Accounting. The accounts are:
Personal Accounts
Ledger accounts that contain transactions related to individuals or other organizations with whom your business has direct transactions are known as personal accounts. Some examples of personal accounts are customers, vendors, salary accounts of employees, drawings and capital accounts of owners, etc.
The golden rule for personal accounts is: debit the receiver and credit the giver.
Example: Payment of salary to employees
In this example, the receiver is an employee and the giver will be the business. Hence, in the journal entry, the Employee’s Salary account will be debited and the Cash / Bank account will be credited.
Real Accounts
The ledger accounts which contain transactions related to the assets or liabilities of the business are called Real accounts. Accounts of both tangible and intangible nature fall under this category of accounts, i.e. Machinery, Buildings, Goodwill, Patent rights, etc. These account balances do not come to zero at the end of the financial year unless there is a sale of the asset or payment made towards a liability or closure or acquisition of the business. These accounts appear in the Balance Sheet and the balances get carried forward to the next financial year.
The golden rule for real accounts is: debit what comes in and credit what goes out.
Example: Payment made for a loan
In this transaction, cash goes out and the loan is settled. Hence, in the journal entry, the Loan account will be debited and the Bank account will be credited.
Nominal Accounts
Transactions related to income, expense, profit and loss are recorded under this category. These components actually do not exist in any physical form but they actually exist. For example, during the purchase and sale of goods, only two components directly get affected i.e money and stock. But, apart from this we may incur profit or loss out of such transactions and we might incur some expenses for these transactions to happen. These secondary components fall under the Nominal Category and the accounts that are in Profit and Loss statement are shown under this category.
The golden rule for nominal accounts is: debit all expenses and losses and credit all income and gains.
Example of Nominal Account: Shipping Charges account and Salary account.
FAQs
There are five main account type categories that all transactions can fall into on a standard COA. These are asset accounts, liability accounts, equity accounts, revenue accounts, and expense accounts. These categories are universal to all businesses.
What is accounting 100 words? ›
Accounting, which has been called the "language of business", measures the results of an organization's economic activities and conveys this information to a variety of users, including investors, creditors, management, and regulators. Practitioners of accounting are known as accountants.
Is there an accounting dictionary? ›
With its authoritative and straightforward definitions and its wide-ranging coverage, this dictionary is essential for students and professionals in accounting and finance. It is also an ideal source of reference for anyone seeking a clear guide to the often-confusing world of accountancy terms.
How to classify accounts in accounting? ›
The accounts are classified as asset accounts, liability accounts, capital or owner's equity accounts, withdrawal accounts, revenue/income accounts, and expense accounts, according to the modern approach.
What are the 10 types of accounting cycle? ›
There are ten steps in an accounting cycle, which include analyzing transactions, journalizing transactions, post transactions, preparing an unadjusted trial balance, preparing adjusting entries, preparing the adjusted trial balance, preparing financial statements, preparing closing entries, posting a closing trial ...
What are basic accounting types? ›
Income Account – Purpose of this account is to keep the record of the income sources of business. Expense Account – This account tracks the expenditure of the business. Liabilities – If there is any debt or loan then that amount comes under liabilities.
What are the 3 basics of accounting? ›
What are the Golden Rules of Accounting?
- Debit what comes in - credit what goes out.
- Credit the giver and Debit the Receiver.
- Credit all income and debit all expenses.
K comes from the Greek word kilo which means a thousand. The Greeks would likewise show million as M, short for Mega. So if we stay consistent with the Greek abbreviations, then billion would be shown as a letter G (Giga).
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Accounting programs entail challenging courses that require a solid understanding of key concepts such as debits, credits, income, and expenses. The curriculum can be demanding, emphasizing critical thinking and analytical skills. Moreover, obtaining a degree in accounting requires commitment.
How to learn basic accounting? ›
Begin your financial accounting education by learning how to read and analyze three key financial statements: the balance sheet, income statement, and cash flow statement. These documents contain valuable information about your company's spending, earnings, profit, and overall financial health.
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What are the golden words of accounting? ›
To achieve this, the entity must follow three Golden Rules of Accounting: Debit all expenses/Credit all income; Debit receiver/Credit giver; and Debit what comes in/Credit what goes out. The rules apply to Nominal, Personal, and Real accounts.
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What are the 5 primary account categories in accounting? ›
The 5 primary account categories are assets, liabilities, equity, expenses, and income (revenue) Once you understand how debits and credits affect the above accounts, it's easier to determine where to place your sub-accounts.
What are the 5 main things in accounting? ›
Five main types of accounts appear in a COA: assets, equity, expenses, liabilities, and revenues.
What is the golden rule of accounting? ›
The three golden rules of accounting are (1) debit all expenses and losses, credit all incomes and gains, (2) debit the receiver, credit the giver, and (3) debit what comes in, credit what goes out. These rules are the basis of double-entry accounting, first attributed to Luca Pacioli.
