The Nikkei 225 Stock Average is Japan’s primary stock index and a barometer of the Japanese economy. It gauges the behavior of top Japanese companies, covering a broad swath of industries. Broadly considered Japan’s equivalent to the Dow Jones Industrial Average, it includes the top 225 blue-chip companies listed on the Tokyo Stock Exchange.
Although you cannot invest directly in the index, you can gain exposure to the underlying stocks within the Nikkei 225 via an exchange-traded fund (ETF).
Key Takeaways
- The Nikkei 225 Stock Average, Japan’s primary stock index, tracks the performance of 225 large Japanese companies.
- Well-known constituent companies within the Nikkei 225 include Canon Inc. (CAJ), Panasonic Corp. (PCRFY), Sony Corp. (SNE), Nissan Motor Co. (NSANY), Toyota Motor Corp. (TM), and Mazda Motor Corp. (MZDAY).
- Like the Dow Jones Industrial Average, the Nikkei 225 Stock Average is a price-weighted equity index.
Performance Background
The Nikkei 225 does not accurately reflect how stock averages tend to steadily and exponentially grow. On Dec. 29, 1989, the Nikkei achieved a historic high of 38,957.44 intraday, before closing at 38,915.87. Throughout that entire decade, although the Nikkei grew sixfold, it dropped those gains. Notably, on March 10, 2009, the Nikkei closed at 7,054.98—a whopping 81.9% below its 1989 peak.
Two working days after a giant earthquake rattled the northeast section of Japan on March 15,2011, the Nikkei plummeted more than 10%, to 8,605.15—a drop of 1,015 points. The index continued to fall during that entire year, hitting a low of 8,160.01 on Nov. 25. That year, the Nikkei dropped more than 17%, finishing at 8,455.35, representing the lowest year-end price in over 30 years.
As of Dec. 15, 2023, the Nikkei 225 was at 32,970.55.
Additional Background
Like the Dow Jones Industrial Average, the Nikkei 225 Stock Average is a price-weighted equity index. Ranking of companies is determined by stock price, which differs from other major indexes where market capitalization is used in calculations.
Calculated since September of 1950 (retroactively to May of 1949), it is Asia’s oldest index and also commonly referred to as the Nikkei 225, Nikkei Index, and the Nikkei. The index is reviewed annually in September, and any changes are implemented in October.
Holdings
Some of the well-known Japanese companies in the Nikkei 225 are Canon Inc. (CAJ), Panasonic Corp. (PCRFY), Sony Corp. (SNE), Nissan Motor Co. (NSANY), Toyota Motor Corp. (TM), Mazda Motor Corp. (MZDAY), and Honda Motor Co. (HMC). Sectors represented in the index include technology, financials, consumer goods, materials, capital goods, transportation, and utilities. In all, the Nikkei index comprises companies from 36 different industries.
ETFs
Buying and managing each individual stock in the Nikkei 225 is costly and impractical, with substantial tax implications. Individual investors can gain exposure through exchange-traded funds (ETFs) whose underlying assets correlate to the Nikkei 225.
Unlike mutual funds, which are priced at the end of the day, ETFs trade throughout the day. Consequently, their prices fluctuate, just like stock prices do. Like mutual funds, ETFs offer diversification through a single investment. They have lower expenses than actively managed funds.
Japanese ETFs
Several ETFs that track the Nikkei 225 trade on the Tokyo Stock Exchange. They include Blackrock Japan’s iShares Nikkei 225 ETF, Nomura Asset Management’s Nikkei 225 Exchange Traded Fund (NTETF), and Daiwa Asset Management’s Daiwa ETF Nikkei 225.
To trade these ETFs, you must open an account with a brokerage that lets you buy and sell investments not listed on a U.S. exchange. Fidelity Investments is one of the discount brokers that offer international trading accounts.
Bear in mind that trading ETFs in their local markets has complications. Tokyo Stock Exchange-listed ETFs are denominated in yen. In addition to monitoring the performance of the Nikkei 225, you must consider exchange rate fluctuations between the yen and the dollar.
The United Kingdom, France, Germany, Switzerland, Italy, and Singapore also offer ETFs that track the Nikkei 225, some of which are cross-listed on the Tokyo Stock Exchange.
Can I Invest in the Nikkei 225 From the U.S.?
You can't invest directly in the Nikkei 225 from the U.S. However, you can gain exposure to this index through buying shares of an ETF that tracks the Nikkei.
What ETF Tracks the Nikkei 225?
Several ETFs track the Nikkei 225. An ETF that tracks it and is denominated in U.S. dollars is the MAXIS Nikkei 225 ETF. Most ETFs tracking the Nikkei are denominated in Japanese yen, including the Daiwa Asset Management ETF and the iShares Core Nikkei 225 ETF.
Can I Buy Stocks on the Tokyo Stock Exchange?
As an individual outside of Japan, the best way to gain exposure to Japanese companies is through American Depository Receipts (ADRs) or exchange-traded funds. You may be able to open an account with an international brokerage, but be aware that this may require you to provide proof of residency in Japan, such as a Japanese driver's license or permanent resident certificate.
The Bottom Line
If you seek broad exposure to the Japanese stock market through investments whose underlying assets track the Nikkei 225, ETFs may be the way to go. One option is the MAXIS Nikkei 225 Index ETF, which offers exposure to the Japanese stock market with a U.S.-listed, dollar-denominated exchange-traded fund.
